Dahulu kampung kelahiranku ini disebut Tjigoedik atau ditulis juga sebagai Tjigoedeg. Saya masih ingat tulisan itu tertera pada dinding pilar jembatan pendek tepatnya diujung barat pinggiran danau Setu Cigudeg, diatas Jalan raya yang menghubungkan kota Bogor dengan Rangkas Bitung (Banten) melalui Jasinga, sebuah kecamatan yang berbatasan dengan kabupaten Banten, Sekarang tulisan itu sudah tidak ada.
Cigudeg merupakan sebuah kecamatan di kabupaten bogor bagian barat . Jaraknya kurang lebih 40 km dari pusat kota Bogor. Secara geografis, Cigudeg terletak pada 6° 32′ 54″ LS , 106° 31′ 51″ BT dengan ketinggian 800 meter dpal.
Bukti sejarah lama yang ditemukan disekitarnya adalah Prasasti Pasir Koleangkak yang terletak di Kampung Pasir Gintung Kecamatan Nanggung yang berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Cigudeg. Prasasti ini adalah peninggalan sejarah pada masa Kerajaan Tarumanagara, sebuah kerajaan yang pernah berkuasa di wilayah barat pulau Jawa pada abad ke-4 hingga abad ke-7 M. Taruma merupakan salahsatu kerajaan tertua di Nusantara yang meninggalkan catatan sejarah dan peninggalan artefak di sekitar lokasi kerajaan yang meliputi hampir seluruh Jawa Barat yang membentang dari Banten, Jakarta, Bogor sapai ke Cirebon. Pada tahun 1920 – 1960, masih terlihat banyak sekali artefak ditemukan disana termasuk patung-patung batu (Arca) yang tersebar diwilayah kecamatan Cigudeg. Sekarang semuanya sudah raib karena pernah terbengkalai puluhan tahun lamanya. Di Gunung Tela yang terbujur sangat indah disebelah utara desa Cigudeg kemungkinan masih menyimpan sebuah misteri sejarah lebih jauh tentang keberadaan desa ini termasuk desa-desa disekitarnya yang membentang dari timur ke barat.
Sejak zaman dahulu hingga tahun 1920, Cigudeg tidak pernah disebut dalam literature sejarah maupun literature perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia. Tahun 1809 waktu itu Bolang lebih dikenal sebagai sebutan bagi Cigudeg sudah merupakan wilayah perkebunan teh, kopi dan Kelapa Sawit kepunyaan Gerrit Willem Casimir van Motman, yang menguasai wilayah bogor bagian barat. Ia lahir di Belanda tahun 1773 dan meninggal di Dramaga tahun 1821. Dia mempunyai dua rumah besar (landhuis), satu di Dramaga (Kampus IPB sekarang) dan satu lagi di Nanggung, kecamatan Nanggung. Disamping itu GWC van Motman membangun tempat pemakaman khusus bagi keluarganya yang terletak di Jambu, tepatnya di kampung Pilar sekarang ini. Perusahaan miliknya kemudian diteruskan oleh isteri dan anak-anaknya kemudian tidak jelas kapan perusahaan ini ditutup.
Pada tahun 1850an perusahaan keluarga van Motman beralih kepada pengusaha lain yaitu Tuan W A Baron Baud, ia juga seorang pengusaha agribisnis terkemuka di Jawa Barat termasuk Batavia yang memiliki perusahaan bernama “Cultur Ondernemingen Van Maatschapij Baud” dibuka tahun 1841 di Preanger (Bandung). Ia dilahirkan di Batavia (Jakarta) pada tanggal 21 Juni 1816, ayahnya bernama Jean Crétien baron Baud (1789 – 1859) seorang Gubernur-Jenderal Hindia Belanda dari 1833 sampai 1836 Setelah Johannes van den Bosch. J C Baron Baud adalah pembela yang kuat dari kebijakan kolonial Belanda “Tanam Paksa” (cultuurstelsel) dibawah perintah Gubernur Jenderal Johannes van den Bosch yang sangat menyengsarakan Rakyat, yaitu dengan memaksa masyarakat menanam sejumlah tanaman menguntungkan bagi komoditi ekspor yang sebagian keuntungannya didedikasikan untuk menutupi hutang pemerintah Balanda saat itu.
W A baron Baud merupakan orang yang tergolong sukses di jaman itu sampai Baud sendiri meninggal pada tanggal 9 Mei 1879 dan dimakamkan di Jatinangor bersama-sama dengan Putrinya Mimosa. Mimosa sendiri adalah anak dari hasil hubungan gelapnya dengan seorang “Nyai”, sebutan untuk wanita pribumi simpanan orang-orang Belanda pada masa itu. Setelah Mimosa dibesarkan dan disekolahkan di Belanda, kemudian ia nikah dengan seorang berkebangsaan Denmark dan kembali ke Hindia Belanda (Indonesia) untuk meneruskan perusahaan ayahnya sampai ia meninggal di Bandung Pada akhir abad ke 19 dan dimakamkan berdampingan dengan Baud di Jatinangor, didaerah perkebunan miliknya.
Masih belum jelas bagi saya, siapa yang meneruskan persahannya pada waktu itu. Pada tahun 1909 penerus perusahaannya membuka kembali perkebunan Bolang (Cigudeg) bersama-sama dengan partner bisnisnya, menanam Kelapa Sawit, Teh dan Kopi dibawah perusahaan “N V Maatschappij tot Exploitatie de Ondernemingen Nagelaten door Mr. W.A. Baron Baud” dan pada tahun 1917 Cigudeg mulai dikembangkan oleh pemerintah Hidia Belanda sebagai bagian dari pusat administrasi pemerintahan di Kawedanaan Jasinga. Pada waktu yang sama mulai dibangun beberapa fasilitas umum seperti Rumah Sakit dan Pasar.
Perusahaan W A Baron Baud ditutup pada tahun 1950 setelah pengakuan kedaulatan Republik Indonesia yg ditandatangani pada tahun 1949. Seluruh Perkebunan ini kemudian diambil alih oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dibawah kuasa PTP XII yang kemudian pada tahun 2000an beralih ke PTP VIII dengan pengalihan usaha ke perkebunan Coklat lalu Kelapa hingga menjadi perkebunan Kelapa Sawit saat ini.
Pada tahun 1960an Cigudeg masih termasuk wilayah kewedanaan Jasinga (Djasinga) yang kemudian berubah statusnya menjadi Kecamatan Cigudeg setelah Sistim Kewedanaan dihapuskan. Saat ini, Kecamatan Cigudeg terdiri dari 15 Desa/ Kelurahan, yakni ; Desa-desa Argapura, Bangunjaya, Banyu Asih, Banyu Resmi, Banyu Wangi, Batu Jajar, Bunar, Cigudeg, Cintamanik, Mekarjaya, Rengasjajar, Sukamaju, Sukaraksa, Tegalega dan Wargajaya.
CIGUDEG
The village of my birth formerly called Tjigoedik or written as well as Tjigoedeg. I still remember the sign was stamped on the pillar wall “TJIGOEDIK 1902”rather short bridge west tip at the edge of Setu Cigudeg lake, on the main road connecting the city of Bogor with Rangkas Bitung (Bantam) via Jasinga, a district that borders the districts of Banten, now the sign haas been dissapeared.
Cigudeg is a district in the western Bogor. The distance is approximately 40 km from the center of Bogor (formerly Buitenzorg) . Geographically, Cigudeg is located at 6 ° 32 ’54 “latitude, 106 ° 31′ 51” E with an altitude of 800 meters above sea level.
Old historical evidence that was found surrounding Cigudeg is the inscription of Koleangkak hill at Kampung Pasir Gintung Subdistrict bear bordering the District of Cigudeg. This inscription is a historical relic in the Tarumanagara kingdom, a kingdom that once ruled in west of the island of Java in 4th century until 7th century AD. Taruma is one of the oldest kingdom in the archipelago that left historical records and relics of royal artifacts around the site which covers almost all over West Java that strached from Banten, Jakarta, Bogor and Cirebon. In the years 1920 – 1960, we used to see still a lot of artifacts found there, including stone sculptures (ARCA) spreaded surrounding Cigudeg district. Now everything is gone since they had been abandoned for decades. At Mount Tela which lays very picturesque village just north of Cigudeg may still save a further historical mystery about the existence of these villages including the villages surrounding the district which stretches from east to west.
From ancient times until 1920, Cigudeg is never mentioned in the literature, history even economic development in Indonesia. In 1809 Bolang better known as the designation for Cigudeg has been developed as an area of tea plantations, coffee and palm oil belongs to Gerrit Willem Casimir van Motman , who own the land in western Bogor region. He was born in the Netherlands in 1773 and died in Dramaga 1821. He has two large houses (landhuis), one in Dramaga (IPB university now) and another in Nanggung, the districts of Nanggung. Besides, GWC van Motman build a special burial place for his family located in Jambu, precisely in Pilar village today. The company then continued by his wife and children then it is unclear when the company is closed.
In the 1850s the company of van Motman family was switched to another entrepreneurs, Mr. WA Baron Baud. He was also a leading agribusiness entrepreneurs in West Java, including Batavia under his company name “Cultur Ondernemingen Van Maatschapij Baud “opened in 1841 in Preanger (Bandung). He was born in Batavia (Jakarta) on June 21, 1816, his father named Jean Chrétien baron Baud (1789-1859) a Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1833 until 1836 After Johannes van den Bosch. Baron JC baron Baud was a strong defender of the Dutch colonial policy “Cultivation Enforcement” (cultuurstelsel) which was very painfull to local people, that by forcing people to grow a number of beneficial plants to export commodites in which part of its profits dedicated to cover Dutch government debt at that time.
He gained success in that era until Baud himself died on May 9, 1879 and buried in Jatinangor side by side with his daughter Mimosa. Mimosa herself was a daughter from the results of an affair with an “Nyai”, the name for a native female Dutch mistress at the time. After Mimosa was raised and educated in Holland, and he married a Danish nationality and returned to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) to continue running his father’s company until she died in Bandung in the late 19th century and buried next to Baud grave in Jatinangor on his plantation area. Still not clear to me, who continue the company at that time.
In 1909, the successor of the company reopened the estate Bolang (Cigudeg) together with his business partner, planting palm oil, tea and coffee under the company “NV Maatschappij tot de Ondernemingen Exploitatie Nagelaten door. W.A. Baron Baud ” . In 1917 Bolang (Cigudeg) began developed by the government of the Dutch Indies as part of the central administration in Kawedanaan Jasinga. At the same time some public facilities were established such as hospitals and markets.
WA Baron Baud company was closed in 1950 after recognition of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia which was signed in 1949. The entire plantation was later taken over by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia under the control of PTP XII which was then in the 2000s switched to PTP VIII with the transfer of the business to cocoa but no longer and switched to coconut then oil palm plantations at present.
In 1960s Cigudeg still belonged kewedanaan Jasinga (Djasinga), which later changed its status into a district Cigudeg after Kewedanaan system abolished. At present the district of Cigudeg consists of 15 Villages / Desa, namely; Argapura village, Bangunjaya, Banyu Asih, Banyu Resmi, Banyu Wangi, Batu Jajar, Bunar, Cigudeg, Cintamanik, Mekarjaya, Rengasjajar, Sukamaju, Sukaraksa, Tegalega and Wargajaya .
Mimosa I.L.J. Baud died in 1935 and she’s buried in Rome, Italy. She was a managing director of “NV Maatschappij tot de Ondernemingen Exploitatie Nagelaten door. W.A. Baron Baud ”. Google it 🙂
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Hi Etienne, Thank you for your information that sounds so surprising. Unfortunately I had difficulty to google it. She died in 1935 ( before the World War II) and buried in Jatinangor, West Java. That what I have read from history references. Now both of his father’s and her gravestones were stolen unknown. Would that be a possibility that her gravestone was made in Rome, Italy ? (I have no idea). I would be very grateful if you would give me link to the site you’ve referred to. I highly appreciate your information that might be a great evidence to history records.
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For the grave record : http://www.acdan.it/protcem/work/pcJA.html#Stone728
I’ve got the picture so there’s no doubt about it.
I also have a picture dating from the 1970’s of W.A. baron Baud’s (1817-1879) grave with my father standing beside it, and it doesn’t look like the grave that many students have took in picture and posted on their blogs like this one : http://chaluchu.wordpress.com/2012/03/07/menara-loji-jatinangor/
or this one : http://mw4ldi.multiply.com/journal/item/8/Jatinangor-Bekas-Perkebunan-Karet-Tuan-Baud-Jembatan-Kereta-Api-Cikuda
For the company and Mimosa’s job as managing director (page 40) : http://62.41.28.253/cgi-bin/kit.exe?a=d&cl=CL9%2e2&d=BDHEHF1914&e=-0——-2nl—-10–1———-IN-0&sd=BDHEHF1914&l=en
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I highly appreciate your concern about the Bauds.
I have prepared this post long ago before I made my blog. Some day in 1974 I visited Djatinangor and I saw the graves didn’t look like the photo in the student’s blog. I was told that those were Baud and his daughter, Mimosa and until now all the story about Djatinangor mentioned just like that in the internet. I did mention that Mimosa continued running the company left by W A Baron Baud and I don’t write it completely due to the lack of information resources.
Certainly, I will make changes or correction if I found most credible evidence in both written and pictures.
Once again, I am grateful that you have motivated me to continue searching the truth. There are so many heritages left by Dutch East Indies but lack of its historical information.
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You’re welcome. It just happened that I was tidying up my granduncle’s pictures and documents, so I tried to dig for hints of his life on the internet and then on his mother’s life, Mimosa I.L.J. Baud. I found many things in the process, including a short documentary shot in 1927 on the plantation, I’ll try to get a copy !
I hope I’ll a have a chance to go to Jatinangor once in my life, to grasp the atmosphere so to speak of this location.
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Oh,.. You are so lucky. Nice to know that your relatives is also have Indoensian blood. Please feel free to contact me in case of something I can do.
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Do you know if there was some kind of official track of birth and death of Indonesian people in the 19th century ? I would be happy to find out if I have distant cousins still living today, maybe you and I are cousins who knows 🙂
Please write me at this adress : etienne ‘dot’ duport ‘at’ yahoo ‘dot’ fr
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Now I remember, I read in a family tree that W.A. baron Baud bought this plantation you mention in your article : “Willem kaufte zum Beispiel am 18. April 1861 in Batavia für 525600 Gulden die Teeplantage Tjikadjang”. That’s a LOT of money !
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Well, that is a great family record ! There were so many Dutch entrepreneurs run agribusiness all over Java during the Cultuurstelsel era (1830-1940). Acquisitions were commonly happened among them. W A B Baud was one of the most successful businessman in The Dutch East Indies (DEI).
I will send you a message concerning the track of birth and death of Indonesian during the 19th century in separate to your email address.
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Hallo,
As a young boy I stayed for holiday a few weeks at the Thee-onderneming Djatinagor (1955) so long time ago.
I remember the name from the family Van Soest and van Niftrik.
In 2005 I visited the place where the tea factory was and took a picture from the Loji-tower.
I ‘m looking for pictures from that time (1955-1956). The houses and the factory.
Thanks in advance.
D.Holthausen
anak Bandung !
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dholt
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Hallo anak Bandung,
I am sorry, unfortunately I have none of them with me. Have you search them through google? hope you can find it.
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Iraha atuh amengan deui ka Bandung…di antos
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Sering da ka Bandung, sekedar jalan-jalan saja. Mung abdi nembeuih Haji. Kin pami aya waktos diwartosan. nyuhunkeun emailna we atuh. Hatur nuhun.
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Akhirnya ada juga anak keturunan Baron Van Baud dan Mimosa Van baud yang bisa di kontak, tentunya cerita Jatinangor akan lebih lengkap dan menarik. Makamnya Baron Van Baud sayangnya tdk terawat, dulu sewaktu masih kuliah di Unpad tiap hari saya duduk di sana karena di sebelahnya adalah lapangan sepak bola…Beberapa tahun belakang ini pernah chat dengan keluarga Mimosa Von Alvensliben…yg bernama Joachim orang tuanya Etienne.
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Kang, Etienne tidak mengakui BB dan Mimosa dimakamkan di Jatinangor. Saya yakin makam itu dipindah-pindah, dari Cigudeg ke Jatinangor trus ke Itali. apakah pernah tanya bagaimana menurut Joachim (kok namanya rada aneh ya?) 🙂
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saya juga dari cigudeg kang tepatnya Kp.Cicopong
Blog Pribadi https://imen07.blogspot.com/
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Assalau Alaikum Wr Wb, Hilman. saya mencoba masuk ke blog anda tapi sudah tidak bisa ditemukan lagi. Apa yg terjadi ya?
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